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In the Rate Expression of an Option (or OptionExit) type record, put in a SQL statement (or call a stored procedure).  It must return a table of Shipping Options - columns: Name VARCHAR, Description VARCHAR, Rate Decimal. 

For example, if you can set up Warehouses as locations for local Pickup:

SELECT w.Name,
       Address1
         + case when isnull(address2,'') = '' then '' else ' ' + Address2 end
         + ', ' + a.City + ', ' + s.Abbreviation + ' ' + ZipPostalCode  as Description,
       0.00 as Rate
  FROM Warehouse w
  JOIN Address a ON a.Id = w.AddressId
  JOIN StateProvince s on s.Id = a.StateProvinceId;

The customer sees: 

You can use the day of week in your expressions.  For example, if you need to have Saturday Delivery, but only want to show that option on Friday, here's an example using Shipping By Weight. You can create another Shipping Method (e.g.  "Saturday Delivery"), and Shipping Director can exclude it conditionally (when not Fri) by using Name Expression.

The Name Expression would look like this (assuming your method name has the word "Saturday" in it - e.g.  "Saturday Delivery") :

    [$Name].Contains("Saturday") and DateTime.Today.ToString("ddd") <> "Fri" ? "" : [$Name]

Note, though, that you may also want to check the Time too (because if they place the order Fri at 11pm, you may not be able to get it there Sat ;)

Another example would be to show an additional set of shipping options with a surcharge.  For example, if you use Shipping By Weight, you can call it twice with the Option type. The 2nd call would check if the country is Belgium and the day of the week is Thu or Fri; it would have a Surcharge Expression, in this case just a fixed 2.50:

PayPal Express is a "button" payment method, which means it appears as a button on the shopping cart page.  That said, your Payment Director expression won't be able to make use of ShippingAddress attributes, because a shipping address does not get selected by the customer until later in the checkout flow.  

So, for example, if you wanted to only allow PayPal Express for US customers, you can't use ShippingAddress.Country.TwoLetterIsoCode .  Instead, one workaround is to require a Country be entered during customer registration.   "CountryId" is an attribute stored with the Customer. 

Here's what it should look like in Payment Director grid: 

Note the "1".  That's the CountryId.  You'll need to verify (or change) the "1" for country of your choice. "US" is typically "1", but it could vary depending on your nopCommerce configuration.  To verify/get the Id, Edit your country in Admin > Configuration > Countries, and check the browser's address bar.  Check the # on the end of the url  - e.g.  /Admin/Country/Edit/1

(See this blog for additional information: Payment Director - checking the selected shipping method)

It was reported in the nopCommerce forums that USPS International Shipping stopped working

In fact, only international shipping to Canada broke, because...

May 31, 2015 USPS Web Tools will be implementing modifications and additional features to the U.S. Postal Service APIs. The following changes may especially impact shipping systems:

- Origin ZIP Code required for Priority Mail International to Canada
- Modified special services
- Modified service IDs
- Modified available mail classes for Merchandise Return Services

This link is a .zip file containing the fixed USPS plugins for nopCommerce versions 3.30, 3.40, and 3.50

You really only need to replace the file Nop.Plugin.Shipping.USPS.dll but I've included everything - source code, and no source versions.   Copy .dll from the zip file's \USPS Shipping\nopCommerce 3.xx\Shipping.USPS folder to your \Plugins\Shipping.USPS folder.  After you copy it to your plugin folder, be sure to "Reload list of plugins", or restart your web app.

A simple concept, with a tricky Count expression :)   We count distinct manufacturers for all the products in the cart.  The base shipping rate is 10.00 (includes up to one manufacturer), and then 3.00 extra surcharge for each manufacturer beyond the first.

Note, that in nopCommerce, Products can have more than one manufacturer, so we only get its first one.  The " -1 " compensates for those products that don't have any manufacturer.  (You can remove that if you want to also count for "the store").  If you want to surcharge even for the first manufacturer, then  change the Surcharge expression to just  [ManufacturerCount] * 3.00

You can download the above configuration that you can then import into Shipping Director.

In this scenario, our requirement is to prevent shipping certain products to cities that a vendor does not ship to.  In SD, we check if both the shipping address city is not a permitted city and the cart contains an item for Vendor 1.  If this condition occurs, the ErrorExit line will cause the message like "Sorry, vendor1 does not deliver in your city" to appear to the customer, and prevent them from checking out. (The double quotes are required because Description Expression is an expression) 

  Order Line 60 would be whatever Option(s) you would want to offer.  However, if there are multiple items in the cart, the customer may wonder which product is sold by Vendor1 -so, we can let them know with a message like:  "Sorry, HP Pavilion Artist Edition DV2890NR 14.1-inch Laptop is sold by vendor1, whom does not deliver in your city" .  Use this expression instead:

You can download the above configuration that you can then import into Shipping Director.